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Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/255
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681
*Corresponding Author: Lakshmi. N. Sridhar, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681.
Citation: Lakshmi. N. Sridhar, (2026). Analysis and Control of a Transmission Model for Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Women Health Care and Issues. 9(1); DOI: 10.31579/2642-9756/255
Copyright: © 2026 Lakshmi. N. Sridhar, this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 19 December 2025 | Accepted: 29 December 2025 | Published: 09 January 2026
Keywords: bifurcation; optimization; control; respiratory
In this study, bifurcation analysis and multiobjective nonlinear model predictive control are performed on a transmission model for respiratory syncytial virus. Bifurcation analysis is a powerful mathematical tool used to deal with the nonlinear dynamics of any process. Several factors must be considered, and multiple objectives must be met simultaneously. The MATLAB program MATCONT was used to perform the bifurcation analysis. The MNLMPC calculations were performed using the optimization language PYOMO in conjunction with the state-of-the-art global optimization solvers IPOPT and BARON. The bifurcation analysis revealed the existence of branch points. The MNLMC converged to the utopia solution. The branch points (which cause multiple steady-state solutions from a singular point) are very beneficial because they enable the Multiobjective nonlinear model predictive control calculations to converge to the Utopia point (the best possible solution) in the model.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is one of the most significant causes of acute lower respiratory infections, especially in infants, young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Its transmission dynamics, high infectivity, and ability to cause recurrent infections make it a major public health concern worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms and conditions that facilitate RSV transmission is crucial for developing preventive strategies, vaccines, and effective treatment plans. The transmission of RSV involves a complex interplay between viral biology, environmental factors, host immunity, and social behaviors that together determine the spread and impact of the infection within communities.
RSV is an enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family and Pneumovirus genus. Its structural proteins, particularly the fusion (F) and attachment (G) glycoproteins, play critical roles in mediating viral entry into host cells and facilitating transmission. The F protein allows the virus to fuse with the host cell membrane, while the G protein mediates attachment to respiratory epithelial cells. These surface proteins also enable RSV to spread directly between adjacent cells through a process known as syncytium formation, in which infected cells fuse with neighboring uninfected ones, creating large multinucleated cells that enhance viral dissemination without exposure to the extracellular environment. This mechanism allows the virus to evade some components of the immune response and increases its efficiency of transmission within the respiratory tract.
The primary route of RSV transmission is through direct or close contact with infectious respiratory secretions. When an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or talks, virus-containing droplets are expelled into the air. These droplets are generally large, typically greater than five micrometers in diameter, and therefore do not remain airborne for long distances. As a result, RSV transmission occurs mainly through short-range exposure, usually within one to two meters of an infected person. The virus can enter a new host through the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, or mouth when these droplets come into contact with them. In addition, RSV can survive for several hours on environmental surfaces such as toys, doorknobs, tables, or clothing, and for shorter periods on skin. Therefore, indirect contact, such as touching contaminated surfaces and then touching one’s face, can also lead to infection. This combination of direct and indirect contact transmission makes RSV highly contagious, particularly in crowded or enclosed environments.
RSV infection often occurs in seasonal patterns, typically peaking during the winter months in temperate regions and during the rainy season in tropical climates. Environmental conditions such as lower humidity, cooler temperatures, and indoor crowding during these seasons contribute to increased transmission. The virus can remain viable longer in cool and dry conditions, while social behaviors such as spending more time indoors enhance person-to-person contact. In hospitals, nurseries, and daycare centers, outbreaks are particularly common, as young children and healthcare workers serve as reservoirs and vectors for viral spread. Nosocomial, or hospital-acquired, RSV infections can be severe and are a major concern in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. Strict hygiene measures, including handwashing, surface disinfection, and the use of personal protective equipment, are critical in such settings to prevent outbreaks.
The incubation period of RSV—the time between exposure and the appearance of symptoms—is usually between two and eight days, with an average of about four to six days. During this time, the virus replicates in the epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract, including the nasopharynx and trachea. Once symptomatic, infected individuals shed large quantities of the virus in nasal secretions, making them highly infectious. Viral shedding typically lasts for three to eight days in healthy adults, but can persist for several weeks in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. This prolonged shedding in vulnerable populations significantly enhances the opportunity for community transmission and recurrent infections.
RSV transmission is particularly efficient in households with young children, who often serve as the initial point of infection. Infants and toddlers, especially those attending daycare, are exposed to multiple viral contacts and are more likely to transmit RSV to siblings, parents, and grandparents. In these settings, asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic carriers can still spread the virus effectively. Adults, who may experience only mild cold-like symptoms, often act as silent reservoirs of infection. Because immunity following RSV infection is incomplete and short-lived, reinfections occur throughout life, enabling the virus to circulate persistently in human populations.
Host factors also play a significant role in RSV transmission and disease severity. Infants younger than six months are at the highest risk for severe infection due to their underdeveloped immune systems and smaller airways. Premature infants, or those with underlying conditions such as congenital heart disease, chronic lung disease, or immune deficiencies, are particularly susceptible. The immaturity of the infant immune system limits the production of neutralizing antibodies and effective T-cell responses, allowing more extensive viral replication and higher viral loads, which in turn increase transmissibility. The role of maternal antibodies is also important, as they provide partial protection in the first months of life, but this protection wanes rapidly, leaving infants vulnerable during the peak season for RSV transmission.
From a public health perspective, RSV transmission is challenging to control because it combines high infectivity with a lack of durable immunity. There is currently no fully licensed vaccine for RSV, though several candidates are in late-stage development, including maternal vaccines and monoclonal antibody-based prophylaxis for infants. Until these measures become widely available, non-pharmaceutical interventions remain the mainstay of prevention. These include frequent hand hygiene, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, cleaning surfaces and toys, and limiting exposure of infants to crowded places during RSV season. In healthcare settings, infection control protocols such as isolating infected patients, wearing gloves and masks, and enforcing strict hygiene procedures can significantly reduce transmission rates.
The introduction of monoclonal antibody prophylaxis, such as palivizumab, has provided partial protection for high-risk infants, reducing hospitalization rates but not completely preventing infection or transmission. Newer long-acting antibodies, like nirsevimab, have shown promise in extending protection for a full RSV season, potentially changing the epidemiology of transmission in infants once widely implemented. Similarly, maternal immunization strategies—where pregnant women are vaccinated to pass antibodies to their newborns—offer a promising approach to reduce early-life infection and viral spread in households.
In addition to individual preventive measures, understanding population-level transmission dynamics is essential. Mathematical modeling of RSV transmission indicates that community outbreaks are driven by a combination of seasonal factors, contact rates among children, and waning immunity. Public health surveillance helps identify the onset and intensity of RSV seasons, enabling hospitals and healthcare systems to prepare for increased admissions and implement preventive actions. School and daycare closures, though effective in reducing transmission during pandemics, are less feasible for RSV due to its annual recurrence and mild disease course in older children.
The transmission of Respiratory Syncytial Virus reflects the complex interactions between viral biology, human behavior, environmental factors, and host immunity. RSV spreads primarily through close contact with respiratory secretions and contaminated surfaces, thriving in settings where people, especially children, interact closely. Seasonal trends and the presence of prolonged viral shedding in vulnerable populations make control efforts difficult. Despite the absence of a universal vaccine, progress in monoclonal antibody therapies and maternal immunization holds promise for reducing both infection and transmission in the near future. Until such measures become broadly accessible, strict hygiene practices, public awareness, and early detection remain the most effective tools in limiting RSV spread. Understanding the mechanisms of RSV transmission not only informs prevention strategies but also underscores the importance of continued research into vaccines and antiviral therapies to combat one of the most persistent respiratory pathogens affecting humanity.
Falsey et al (2000) [1] studied the respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. Hall (2001) [2] investigated the connection between the respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus. White et al (2007) [3] provided an understanding of the transmission dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus using multiple time series and nested models. Sungchasit et al (2022) [4], performed mathematical modeling and global stability analysis of super-spreading transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease. Kaler et al (2023) [5] provided a comprehensive review of the transmission, pathophysiology, and manifestation of the respiratory syncytial virus. Rosa et al (2023) [6] performed numerical fractional optimal control calculations of the respiratory syncytial virus infection. Abdullahi and Sule (2023) [7] developed a non-integer mathematical model of the respiratory syncytial virus. Jamil et al (2024) [8] performed qualitative analysis and chaotic behavior of respiratory syncytial virus infection in humans with a fractional operator. Awadalla et al (2024) [9] performed a fractional optimal control model and bifurcation calculations of human syncytial respiratory virus transmission dynamics. Al Ajlan et al (2025[10] performed mathematical Analysis and optimal control calculations of a transmission model for respiratory syncytial virus.
In this work, bifurcation analysis and multiobjective nonlinear model predictive control is performed on a transmission model for respiratory syncytial virus (Al Ajlan et al (2025[10]). The paper is organized as follows. First, the model equations are presented, followed by a discussion of the numerical techniques involving bifurcation analysis and multiobjective nonlinear model predictive control (MNLMPC). The results and discussion are then presented, followed by the conclusions.
Model Equations (Al Ajlan et al, 2025 [10])
The variables sv, ev, z1, z2, rv represent susceptible, exposed, acutely infected, chronically infected, and recovered populations. The control and bifurcation parameters u1, u2, and u3 represent the isolation of infected individuals, the treatment of infected
individuals, and the vaccination of susceptible individuals. The parameters
take on values 0.1, 0.1,0.1, 0.03622, 0.1, 6, 0.3, 0.01, 0.1, and stand for the constant birth rate within the human population, the transmission rate of strain one, the transmission rate of strain two, the death rate of the human population, the rate of mutation of the virus from strain one to strain two, the incubation time of respiratory syncytial virus, the probability that strain one will infect a new case, the rate at which individuals infected with strain one recover, the rate at which individuals infected with strain two recover.
The model equations are
Bifurcation Analysis
The MATLAB software MATCONT is used to perform the bifurcation calculations. Bifurcation analysis deals with multiple steady-states and limit cycles. Multiple steady states occur because of the existence of branch and limit points. Hopf bifurcation points cause limit cycles. A commonly used MATLAB program that locates limit points, branch points, and Hopf bifurcation points is MATCONT (Dhooge, Govaerts, and Kuznetsov, 2003[11]; Dhooge, Govaerts, Kuznetsov, Mestrom and Riet, 2004[12]). This program detects Limit points (LP), branch points (BP), and Hopf bifurcation points(H) for an ODE system
Let the bifurcation parameter be 
. Since the gradient is orthogonal to the tangent vector,
The tangent plane at any point 
must satisfy
Where A is
where 
is the Jacobian matrix. For both limit and branch points, the Jacobian matrix 
must be singular.
For a limit point, there is only one tangent at the point of singularity. At this singular point, there is a single non-zero vector, y, where Jy=0. This vector is of dimension n. Since there is only one tangent the vector
must align with 
. Since
the n+1 th component of the tangent vector 
= 0 at a limit point (LP).
For a branch point, there must exist two tangents at the singularity. Let the two tangents be z and w. This implies that
Consider a vector v that is orthogonal to one of the tangents (say w). v can be expressed as a linear combination of z and w (
). Since 
and since w and v are orthogonal,
. Hence 
which implies that B is singular.
Hence, for a branch point (BP) the matrix 
must be singular.
At a Hopf bifurcation point,
@ Indicates the bialternate product while 
is the n-square identity matrix. Hopf bifurcations cause limit cycles and should be eliminated because limit cycles make optimization and control tasks very difficult. More details can be found in Kuznetsov (1998[13]; 2009[14]) and Govaerts [2000] [15].
Multiobjective Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (MNLMPC)
The rigorous multiobjective nonlinear model predictive control (MNLMPC) method developed by Flores Tlacuahuaz et al (2012) [16] was used.
Consider a problem where the variables 
have to be optimized simultaneously for a dynamic problem
being the final time value, and n the total number of objective variables and u the control parameter. The single objective optimal control problem is solved individually optimizing each of the variables 
The optimization of 
will lead to the values 
.Then, the multiobjective optimal control (MOOC) problem that will be solved is
This will provide the values of u at various times. The first obtained control value of u is implemented and the rest are discarded. This procedure is repeated until the implemented and the first obtained control values are the same or if the Utopia point where 
is obtained.
Pyomo (Hart et al, 2017) [17] is used for these calculations. Here, the differential equations are converted to a Nonlinear Program (NLP) using the orthogonal collocation method The NLP is solved using IPOPT (Wächter And Biegler, 2006) [18]and confirmed as a global solution with BARON (Tawarmalani, M. and N. V. Sahinidis 2005) [19].
The steps of the algorithm are as follows
and obtain 
.
and get the control values at various times.
Sridhar (2024) [20] demonstrated that when the bifurcation analysis revealed the presence of limit and branch points the MNLMPC calculations to converge to the Utopia solution. For this, the singularity condition, caused by the presence of the limit or branch points was imposed on the co-state equation (Upreti, 2013) [21]. If the minimization of 
lead to the value 
and the minimization of 
lead to the value 
The MNLPMC calculations will minimize the function 
.The multi objective optimal control problem is
Differentiating the objective function results in 
The Utopia point requires that both 
and 
are zero. Hence
The optimal control co-state equation (Upreti; 2013) [43] is
is the Lagrangian multiplier. 
is the final time. The first term in this equation is 0 and hence
At a limit or a branch point, for the set of ODES 
is singular. Hence there are two different vectors-values for 
where 
and 
. In between there is a vector 
where 
. This coupled with the boundary condition 
will lead to 
This makes the problem an unconstrained optimization problem, and the optimal solution is the Utopia solution.
u1, u2 and u3 were used as bifurcation parameters and each one of them produced branch points. When u1 was the bifurcation parameter, a branch point was found at (sv, ev, z1, z2, rv, u1) values of (2.760906, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.493006) (Figure. 1a).
Figure 1a: u1 is the bifurcation parameter
When u2 was the bifurcation parameter, a branch point was found at (sv, ev, z1, z2, rv, u2) values of (2.760906, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.114105)(Figure. 1b). When u3 was the bifurcation parameter, a branch point was found at (sv, ev, z1, z2, rv, u3) values of (1.585122, 0, 0, 0, 1.175784, 0.026867) (Figure. 1c). These results indicate that the introduction of control parameters cause branch point bifurcations to appear.
Figure 1b: u2 is the bifurcation parameter
Figure 1c: u3 is the bifurcation parameter
For the MNLMPC, u1, u u3 are the control parameters, and 
were minimized individually, and each led to a value of 0. The overall optimal control problem will involve the minimization of 
was minimized
subject to the equations governing the model. This led to a value of zero (the Utopia point). The MNLMPC values of the control variables, u1, u2, and u3 were 0.4992, 0.32099, and 0.06119. The MNLMPC profiles are shown in Figures 2a-2d. The control profiles of u1, u2, and u3 exhibited noise (Fig. 2c) and this was remedied using the Savitzky-Golay filter to produce the smooth profiles u1sg, u2sg, and u3sg (Figure. 2d). The presence of the branch points causes the MNLMPC calculations to attain the Utopia solution, validating the analysis of Sridhar (2024) [20].
Figure 2a: MNLMPC sv ev rv profiles
Figure 2b: MNLMPC z1 z2 profiles
Figure 2c: MNLMPC u1 u2 u3 profiles
Figure 2d: MNLMPC u1sg u2sg u3sg profiles
Bifurcation analysis and multiobjective nonlinear control (MNLMPC) studies on a transmission model for respiratory syncytial virus. The bifurcation analysis revealed the existence of branch points. These branch points (which cause multiple steady-state solutions from a singular point) are very beneficial because they enable the Multiobjective nonlinear model predictive control calculations to converge to the Utopia point (the best possible solution) in the models. A combination of bifurcation analysis and Multiobjective Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (MNLMPC) on a transmission model for respiratory syncytial virusis the main contribution of this paper.
Data Availability Statement
All data used is presented in the paper
Conflict of Interest
The author, Dr. Lakshmi N Sridhar has no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement
Dr. Sridhar thanks Dr. Carlos Ramirez and Dr. Suleiman for encouraging him to write single-author papers
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My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.
To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina
Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. I appreciate the journal (JCCI) editorial office support, the entire team leads were always ready to help, not only on technical front but also on thorough process. Also, I should thank dear reviewers’ attention to detail and creative approach to teach me and bring new insights by their comments. Surely, more discussions and introduction of other hemodynamic devices would provide better prevention and management of shock states. Your efforts and dedication in presenting educational materials in this journal are commendable. Best wishes from, Farahnaz Fallahian.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. I am delighted to have published our manuscript, "Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): A rare but serious complication following caesarean section." I want to thank the editorial team, especially Maria Emerson, for their prompt review of the manuscript, quick responses to queries, and overall support. Yours sincerely Dr. Victor Olagundoye.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Many thanks for publishing this manuscript after I lost confidence the editors were most helpful, more than other journals Best wishes from, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The entire process including article submission, review, revision, and publication was extremely easy. The journal editor was prompt and helpful, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of the paper. Thank you so much! Eric Nussbaum, MD
Dr Hala Al Shaikh This is to acknowledge that the peer review process for the article ’ A Novel Gnrh1 Gene Mutation in Four Omani Male Siblings, Presentation and Management ’ sent to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was quick and smooth. The editorial office was prompt with easy communication.
Dear Erin Aust, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice. We are pleased to share our experience with the “Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice”, following the successful publication of our article. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, helping to improve the clarity and quality of the manuscript. We are especially thankful to Ms. Erin Aust, the Editorial Coordinator, for her prompt communication and continuous support throughout the process. Her professionalism ensured a smooth and efficient publication experience. The journal upholds high editorial standards, and we highly recommend it to fellow researchers seeking a credible platform for their work. Best wishes By, Dr. Rakhi Mishra.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. The peer review process of the journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions was excellent and fast, as was the support of the editorial office and the quality of the journal. Kind regards Walter F. Riesen Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Walter F. Riesen.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. Thank you for publishing our article, Exploring Clozapine's Efficacy in Managing Aggression: A Multiple Single-Case Study in Forensic Psychiatry in the international journal of clinical case reports and reviews. We found the peer review process very professional and efficient. The comments were constructive, and the whole process was efficient. On behalf of the co-authors, I would like to thank you for publishing this article. With regards, Dr. Jelle R. Lettinga.
Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, I would like to express my deep admiration for the exceptional professionalism demonstrated by your journal. I am thoroughly impressed by the speed of the editorial process, the substantive and insightful reviews, and the meticulous preparation of the manuscript for publication. Additionally, I greatly appreciate the courteous and immediate responses from your editorial office to all my inquiries. Best Regards, Dariusz Ziora
Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Auctores Publishing LLC, We would like to thank the editorial team for the smooth and high-quality communication leading up to the publication of our article in the Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. The reviewers have extensive knowledge in the field, and their relevant questions helped to add value to our publication. Kind regards, Dr. Ravi Shrivastava.
Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, Auctores Publishing LLC, USA Office: +1-(302)-520-2644. I would like to express my sincere appreciation for the efficient and professional handling of my case report by the ‘Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies’. The peer review process was not only fast but also highly constructive—the reviewers’ comments were clear, relevant, and greatly helped me improve the quality and clarity of my manuscript. I also received excellent support from the editorial office throughout the process. Communication was smooth and timely, and I felt well guided at every stage, from submission to publication. The overall quality and rigor of the journal are truly commendable. I am pleased to have published my work with Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, and I look forward to future opportunities for collaboration. Sincerely, Aline Tollet, UCLouvain.
Dear Ms. Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. “The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews represented the “ideal house” to share with the research community a first experience with the use of the Simeox device for speech rehabilitation. High scientific reputation and attractive website communication were first determinants for the selection of this Journal, and the following submission process exceeded expectations: fast but highly professional peer review, great support by the editorial office, elegant graphic layout. Exactly what a dynamic research team - also composed by allied professionals - needs!" From, Chiara Beccaluva, PT - Italy.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, we have deeply appreciated the professionalism demonstrated by the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The reviewers have extensive knowledge of our field and have been very efficient and fast in supporting the process. I am really looking forward to further collaboration. Thanks. Best regards, Dr. Claudio Ligresti
Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. “The peer review process was efficient and constructive, and the editorial office provided excellent communication and support throughout. The journal ensures scientific rigor and high editorial standards, while also offering a smooth and timely publication process. We sincerely appreciate the work of the editorial team in facilitating the dissemination of innovative approaches such as the Bonori Method.” Best regards, Dr. Matteo Bonori.
I recommend without hesitation submitting relevant papers on medical decision making to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I am very grateful to the editorial staff. Maria Emerson was a pleasure to communicate with. The time from submission to publication was an extremely short 3 weeks. The editorial staff submitted the paper to three reviewers. Two of the reviewers commented positively on the value of publishing the paper. The editorial staff quickly recognized the third reviewer’s comments as an unjust attempt to reject the paper. I revised the paper as recommended by the first two reviewers.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. Thank you for publishing our case report: "Clinical Case of Effective Fetal Stem Cells Treatment in a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder" within the "Journal of Clinical Research and Reports" being submitted by the team of EmCell doctors from Kyiv, Ukraine. We much appreciate a professional and transparent peer-review process from Auctores. All research Doctors are so grateful to your Editorial Office and Auctores Publishing support! I amiably wish our article publication maintained a top quality of your International Scientific Journal. My best wishes for a prosperity of the Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. Hope our scientific relationship and cooperation will remain long lasting. Thank you very much indeed. Kind regards, Dr. Andriy Sinelnyk Cell Therapy Center EmCell
Dear Editorial Team, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions. It was truly a rewarding experience to work with the journal “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. The peer review process was insightful and encouraging, helping us refine our work to a higher standard. The editorial office offered exceptional support with prompt and thoughtful communication. I highly value the journal’s role in promoting scientific advancement and am honored to be part of it. Best regards, Meng-Jou Lee, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital.
Dear Editorial Team, Journal-Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, “Publishing my article with Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions has been a highly positive experience. The peer-review process was rigorous yet supportive, offering valuable feedback that strengthened my work. The editorial team demonstrated exceptional professionalism, prompt communication, and a genuine commitment to maintaining the highest scientific standards. I am very pleased with the publication quality and proud to be associated with such a reputable journal.” Warm regards, Dr. Mahmoud Kamal Moustafa Ahmed
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator of ‘International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews’, I appreciate the opportunity to publish my article with your journal. The editorial office provided clear communication during the submission and review process, and I found the overall experience professional and constructive. Best regards, Elena Salvatore.
Dear Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator of ‘International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews Herewith I confirm an optimal peer review process and a great support of the editorial office of the present journal
Dear Editorial Team, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions. I am really grateful for the peers review; their feedback gave me the opportunity to reflect on the message and impact of my work and to ameliorate the article. The editors did a great job in addition by encouraging me to continue with the process of publishing.
Dear Cecilia Lilly, Editorial Coordinator, Endocrinology and Disorders, Thank you so much for your quick response regarding reviewing and all process till publishing our manuscript entitled: Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes and its Associated Risk Factors Among Nile College Students, Sudan. Best regards, Dr Mamoun Magzoub.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is a high quality journal that has a clear and concise submission process. The peer review process was comprehensive and constructive. Support from the editorial office was excellent, since the administrative staff were responsive. The journal provides a fast and timely publication timeline.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator of International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, What distinguishes International Journal of Clinical Case Report and Review is not only the scientific rigor of its publications, but the intellectual climate in which research is evaluated. The submission process is refreshingly free of unnecessary formal barriers and bureaucratic rituals that often complicate academic publishing without adding real value. The peer-review system is demanding yet constructive, guided by genuine scientific dialogue rather than hierarchical or authoritarian attitudes. Reviewers act as collaborators in improving the manuscript, not as gatekeepers imposing arbitrary standards. This journal offers a rare balance: high methodological standards combined with a respectful, transparent, and supportive editorial approach. In an era where publishing can feel more burdensome than research itself, this platform restores the original purpose of peer review — to refine ideas, not to obstruct them Prof. Perlat Kapisyzi, FCCP PULMONOLOGIST AND THORACIC IMAGING.
Dear Grace Pierce, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews I appreciate the opportunity to review for Auctore Journal, as the overall editorial process was smooth, transparent and professionally managed. This journal maintains high scientific standards and ensures timely communications with authors, which is truly commendable. I would like to express my special thanks to editor Grace Pierce for his constant guidance, promt responses, and supportive coordination throughout the review process. I am also greatful to Eleanor Bailey from the finance department for her clear communication and efficient handling of all administrative matters. Overall, my experience with Auctore Journal has been highly positive and rewarding. Best regards, Sabita sinha
Dear Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator of the journal IJCCR, I write here a little on my experience as an author submitting to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews (IJCCR). This was my first submission to IJCCR and my manuscript was inherently an outsider’s effort. It attempted to broadly identify and then make some sense of life’s under-appreciated mysteries. I initially had responded to a request for possible submissions. I then contacted IJCCR with a tentative topic for a manuscript. They quickly got back with an approval for the submission, but with a particular requirement that it be medically relevant. I then put together a manuscript and submitted it. After the usual back-and-forth over forms and formality, the manuscript was sent off for reviews. Within 2 weeks I got back 4 reviews which were both helpful and also surprising. Surprising in that the topic was somewhat foreign to medical literature. My subsequent updates in response to the reviewer comments went smoothly and in short order I had a series of proofs to evaluate. All in all, the whole publication process seemed outstanding. It was both helpful in terms of the paper’s content and also in terms of its efficient and friendly communications. Thank you all very much. Sincerely, Ted Christopher, Rochester, NY.
