Analysis of Genetic Variations in Diabetic Wistar Rats Induced with Alloxan Monohydrate Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Techniques

Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/608

Analysis of Genetic Variations in Diabetic Wistar Rats Induced with Alloxan Monohydrate Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Techniques

  • John K. Okaro 1*
  • Efejeror D. Okereka 1
  • Mayowa O. Adu 2
  • Augustine T. Ezike 2
  • Nnamdi Ejieh 2
  • Taiwo O. Ayedun 2
  • Yakubu Kamaluddeen 2
  • David O. Awonowo 2
  • Bright C. Chukwu 3
  • Blessing I. Eghosa 3
  • Adetula A. Aderopo 4
  • Michael O. Familua 5
  • Confidence C. Agu 6
  • Azunna Uchenna 7
  • Azunna Uchenna 8
  • TThankGod O. Adebayo 9

1 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

2 Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

3 Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

4 Department of Optometry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

5 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

6 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

7 Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria.

8 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria.

9 Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

*Corresponding Author: John K. Kalu, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Citation: John K. Okaro, Amos Onasanya, Christian O. Onyemereze, Uchenna Azunna, Okereka D. Efejeror, et al., (2026), Analysis of Genetic Variations in Diabetic Wistar Rats Induced with Alloxan Monohydrate Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Techniques, J Clinical Research and Reports, 23(2); DOI:10.31579/2690-1919/608

Copyright: © 2026, John K. Okaro. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 22 January 2026 | Accepted: 05 February 2026 | Published: 16 February 2026

Keywords: diabetes; rapd-pcr; genetic expression; blood glucose; phylogenetic analysis

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, action, or both. The genetic basis of diabetes has been widely studied in humans, but limited research has been conducted on animal models to understand genetic markers of diabetic expression. This study aims to analyze genetic variations in diabetic Wistar rats induced with alloxan using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques.

Materials and Methods: Six Wistar rats were obtained from Sure Amos Farm, Ikere, Ekiti State, Nigeria, and housed conditions at Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD). After seven days of acclimatization, they were weighed, and blood samples were collected for the determination of diabetes indices which serve as baseline parameters. Diabetes was induced intraperitoneally with alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/kg. Six days after the inducement, the animals were weighed again, blood samples were collected via the retroorbital sinus method, and genomic DNA was extracted using the Quick-g DNATM Blood Miniprep kit. DNA amplification was performed using five RAPD primers (B06, T12, H04, T10, B08), and electrophoresis was conducted to assess polymorphic band patterns. Cluster analysis and phylogenetic relationships were determined using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and the unweighted pair-group method arithmetic (UPGMA) clustering.

Results: Alloxan administration significantly decreased body weight while increasing blood glucose levels in all six rats. Three primers (B06, H04, and B08) produced distinct and reproducible bands, demonstrating genetic variations between control and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. PCR amplification revealed additional bands in diabetic rats, indicating genetic modifications associated with diabetes expression.

Conclusion: The RAPD-PCR analysis successfully identified genetic alterations in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. These findings suggest a potential genetic basis for diabetes expression, emphasizing the need for further studies to identify specific genetic markers associated with diabetes susceptibility. 

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both [1,2]. This condition is a major public health concern worldwide because of its rising prevalence and the severe complications that accompany sustained high blood glucose levels. The complexity of diabetes is not only physiological but also genetic, as variations in genetic makeup can influence susceptibility, progression, and response to treatment [3]. Consequently, understanding the genetic underpinnings of diabetes has become a central focus in biomedical research.

Animal models remain indispensable tools in diabetes research. Among these, rodents (particularly Wistar rats) are extensively used due to their physiological similarity to humans, well-characterized genetics, and ease of handling in controlled experimental settings. Inducing diabetes in these animals using chemical agents allows researchers to mimic aspects of human diabetes, thereby enabling investigations into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions [4,5].

One of the most widely used chemical agents for experimental induction of diabetes is alloxan monohydrate. Alloxan selectively destroys insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreatic islets through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following uptake via the GLUT2 glucose transporter. This β-cell destruction leads to insulin deficiency and metabolic dysfunction that resembles type 1 diabetes in humans [6].

The induction of diabetes through alloxan not only results in characteristic clinical features of DM such as hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss, but also triggers secondary changes at organ and tissue levels. These changes provide important physiological, biochemical, and histopathological insights into the progression of diabetic complications, including nephropathy and oxidative damage in various tissues [7].

While physiological and biochemical studies in diabetic rat models are well documented, understanding how diabetes affects the genome, or how different genetic profiles may influence susceptibility and severity, is equally important. These genetic variations can serve as markers for predisposition to disease states, phenotypic differences, and responses to treatments. One powerful molecular tool to investigate such genetic differences is Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis.

RAPD is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique that amplifies random segments of genomic DNA using short, arbitrary primer sequences. Unlike sequence-specific PCR methods, RAPD does not require prior knowledge of the DNA sequence of the organism. The technique amplifies multiple genomic regions simultaneously, generating a pattern of DNA fragments unique to a genetic profile. Differences in banding patterns reflect underlying genetic polymorphisms among individuals or experimental groups, making RAPD an efficient method for comparing genetic diversity and detecting genomic alterations without extensive sequencing efforts [8,9].

In rodent studies, RAPD-PCR has been used to distinguish between strains and to monitor genetic contamination, demonstrating that even closely related laboratory rat populations can exhibit notable genomic differences when analyzed with RAPD markers [RAPD has been applied to characterize genetic differences in rat strains]. The application of RAPD in diabetic research represents an important extension of traditional phenotype-focused studies, allowing researchers to investigate whether genetic changes accompany alloxan-induced diabetic states and how these may influence disease progression or experimental outcomes.

Integrating an RAPD-PCR approach into the analysis of alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats, therefore, serves a dual purpose. First, it provides insights into genetic variation that may occur as a result of pathological changes or as a predisposing genomic background. Second, it establishes a molecular fingerprint that can be compared across experimental conditions, potentially revealing new biomarkers or genetic signatures associated with diabetic states.

By analyzing genetic variation through RAPD-PCR, this study seeks to fill an important knowledge gap in diabetes research. Whereas physiological and metabolic aspects of alloxan-induced diabetes are well documented, the genomic characteristics of these models remain relatively underexplored. Understanding these genetic variations will enhance the utility of the rat model for translational studies and may point to genetic patterns that correlate with diabetic severity, organ-specific complications, or differential responses to therapeutic interventions.

Materials And Methods

Procurement of the Laboratory Animals and Housing

A total of six (6) Wistar rats were purchased from Mr Sure Amos Farm, Ikere, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The animals were housed in cages in the ABUAD Animal House at room temperature (27±0.5 oC with free access to clean water and standard feed, and they were acclimatized for 7 days. 

Determination of the body weights

The body weight of the animals was determined and recorded using an analytical weighing scale (OHAUS Scientific Ltd). Also, blood samples were collected for the determination of diabetes indices, which serve as baseline parameters. Diabetes was induced using a single intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 150 mg/kg. Six days after the inducement, the animals were weighed again, and blood samples were collected from each rat for DNA extraction. Blood collection was done employing retroorbital sinus, a non-traumatic method of blood collection from a rat’s eye blood vessel under light anaesthesia (halothane). The sample was immediately transferred into an ice pack for further analysis. This was done for genomic DNA extraction. Serum was obtained from the whole blood by centrifuging at 2000 rpm for 10 minutes and then transferred into a new tube for the process of extraction.

DNA Extraction and Purification

  1. Genomic DNA extraction from serum was carried out using Quick-gDNATM Blood Miniprep kit (Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, U.S.A) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
  2. 400 µl of Genomic Lysis Buffer was added to 100 µl of serum, vortexed for 4-6 seconds, then left to stand for 5- 10 minutes at room temperature.
  3. The mixture was transferred to a Zymo-SpinTM column in a collection Tube and Centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for one minute.
  4. The Zymo-SpinTM Column was transferred to a new collection Tube. 200 µl of DNA pre-wash buffer was added to the spin column and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for one minute.
  5. 500 µl of g-DNA buffer was added to the spin column and centrifuged at 10, 000 rpm for one minute 
  6. The spin column was transferred to a clean microcentrifuge tube. 50 µl DNA elution buffer was added to the spin column, incubated for 2-5 minutes at room temperature and then centrifuged at 10,000 rpm 10,000 rpm for 30 seconds to elude the DNA. The eluted DNA was stored at ≤ - 20 oC for further use.

Reproducibility of RAPD Bands

The RAPD-PCR marker assay was conducted at the Bioscience Laboratory Centre, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Oyo State. A total of five RAPD primers (Table 1), obtained from the Bioscience Centre were 

  1. Initially tested for primer variability and reproducibility through an optimization process.
  2. The optimization process was conducted three times to find the optimum conditions of the PCR and the same bands were observed. 
  3. To represent wider optimization, three pooled genomic DNA were used. The pooled genomic DNA was obtained by selecting the first three albino rat genomic DNA extracts and mixing them to form the first pool and the last three to form the second pool which was then used to screen the five RAPD primers out of which the best three (B06, H04 and B04) were selected after testing their reproducibility and polymorphism (Table 2)
S/NPrimer Sequence
1B06TGCTCTGCCC
2T12GGGTGTGTAG
3H04GGAAGTCGCC
4T10CCTTCGGAAG
5B08GTCCACACGG

Table 1: List of five RAPD Primers used for PCR screening of pooled rat genomic DNA

S/NPrimerSequence
1B06TGCTCTGCCC
2H04GGAAGTCGCC
3B08GTCCACACGG

Table 2: List of Selected three RAPD Primers used for PCR Genomic Analysis of 6 rats Genomic DNA

Detailed PCR protocol

The RAPD PCR amplification reaction was conducted with Masteral Thermal Cycler (Corbett Research Canada). The amplification was carried out in a 12.5 µl reaction mixture containing 2.5 µl of template DNA solution for PCR (10 µl of extracted DNA added to 90 µl deionized water) was added to 10 µl of a prepared cocktail. The cocktail was prepared by mixing 0.2 µl of DNA taq polymerase, 1.25 µl Taq buffer, 1.0 µl MgCl2, 1.25 µl diluted dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP (deoxynucleotides were diluted with deionized water according to instruction on the manufacturer’s manual), 1.25 µl Tween 20 (5%), 0.5 µl of each of diluted RAPD primer. All reagents were purchased from Inaba Biotech South Africa.

Processes involved For PCR protocol

The amplification cycling parameters were 4 minutes of preheating, initial denaturation at 94 oC for 3 minutes and 35 cycles; 

  1. 1-minute primer annealing at 55 oC based on the primers used,
  2. 2 minutes’ extension at 72 oC and the final extension for 7 minutes at 72 oC .
  3. The RAPD products were then stored at 4 oC until loading on a gel for electrophoresis.
  4. The amplicons were separated by electrophoresis (1.4 % agarose gel electrophoresis).
  5. Electrophoresis was done for 1.2 hours at a constant voltage of 100 V and recorded with the Alpha digital imager gel documentation system (Alpha Innotech, Canada) staining with G-green dye (0.5 µg/ml). All tests were done in duplicate.

Rationale For Choosing Rapd In Detecting Genetic Changes In Diabetic Rats

RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) is used to detect genetic changes in diabetic rats because it can reveal variations in DNA sequences that arise from mutations or other genetic alterations 9 [10]. By comparing RAPD profiles (DNA "fingerprints") of diabetic rats to those of control (non-diabetic) rats, researchers can identify specific DNA fragments that are present or absent, indicating genetic differences associated with diabetes. This technique is particularly useful because it doesn't require prior knowledge of the specific DNA sequences involved in diabetes.

Cluster analysis and phylogenetic relationship 

Positions of unequivocally scorable PCR bands were transformed into a binary character matrix (“1” for the presence and “0” for the absence of a band at a particular position). Pairwise distance matrices were compiled by the NTSYS-pc 2.0 software using the Jaccard coefficient of similarity). A phylogenetic tree was created by the unweighted pair-group method arithmetic (UPGMA) average cluster analysis. The scored RAPD markers were converted into a binomial (0/1) matrix.

Quantification Of Polymophism

Pairwise distance matrices were compiled by the NTSYS-pc 2.0 software using the Jaccard coefficient of similarity. A phylogenetic tree was created by the unweighted pair-group method, arithmetic (UPGMA) average cluster analysis.The scored RAPD markers were converted into a binomial (0/1) matrix.

Different Phylogenetic Genotypes for Gel Photograph   

The number of polymorphic bands generated by each primer was determined by initial visual examination of the gel photographs, taking into account the resolution and degree of amplification. Only bands of medium and strong intensity were included in the subsequent analysis. For RAPD analysis, the presence of the band was scored 1, whereas the absence of the band was scored 0. The scored RAPD markers were converted into a binomial (0/1) matrix. Based on the matrix, the genetic similarities between Wistar rats' genotypes were determined using Jaccard’s coefficients and the dendrogram was constructed by applying an unweighted pair group.

Results

The administration of alloxan significantly impacted the body weight of the rats. As shown in Table 3, there was a marked reduction in body weight following alloxan treatment compared to the pre-administration weights. The weight reductions observed were significant, with values such as 5.3g, 6.6g, 8.9g, 9.02g, 4.52g, and 7.1g noted after treatment. This suggests that alloxan had a considerable effect on metabolic processes, potentially leading to weight loss. To investigate genetic variations, five RAPD primers (Table 4) were screened through PCR amplification to assess their variability and reproducibility. After an optimization process conducted three times, the three most suitable primers (B06, H04, B08) were selected based on their ability to produce clear, reproducible bands (Table 5). These primers were then utilized for DNA fingerprinting to assess genetic alterations following alloxan administration.The blood glucose levels of the rats also exhibited significant changes post-alloxan treatment. As indicated in Table 3, the glucose levels before administration were relatively stable (ranging around 7.0–8.9 mmol/dL). However, following treatment, glucose levels increased significantly, reaching values such as 12.1 mmol/dL and 12.2 mmol/dL. This confirms that alloxan effectively induced hyperglycemia in the rats.

PCR analysis using the three selected primers revealed genetic alterations induced by alloxan treatment. The gel electrophoresis images (Figures 2–8) demonstrated changes in the DNA fingerprinting patterns of the rats. A comparison of the bands before and after alloxan administration revealed differences, with the induced samples displaying the appearance of additional bands. This suggests genetic modifications due to alloxan exposure, further supported by the dendrogram analysis (Figure 3), which highlights shifts in genetic diversity among the treated rats.

Dendrogram interpretation

 The Dendrogram in figures 3, 5, 7 and 8, revealed a clustering in genetic diversity among the treated rats, This reveal the truth that diabetes altered the genetic profile of the rats.

Biological meaning of clustering

In biology, clustering refers to the process of grouping together similar biological entities, such as genes, proteins, or cells, based on shared characteristics or functions. This technique is widely used in systems biology and bioinformatics to analyze large datasets, identify patterns, and understand underlying biological mechanisms.

Determination of Genetic Similarity 

The genetic similarities between albino rats genotypes were determined using Jaccard’s coefficients, and a dendrogram was constructed by applying the unweighted pair group

Difference Between the Banding Pattern of Control and Diabetic Rat

A comparison of the bands before (control) and after alloxan administration (Diabetic) revealed differences, with the induced samples displaying the appearance of additional bands. This suggests genetic modifications due to alloxan exposure, and the primers which amplified unique bands include the following: (B06, H04, B08) primers.

Diabetic Animal Loci

In the diabetic animals, specific genetic loci associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes were identified. Among these loci, were - Iddm1, Iddm2, and Iddm4 and Iddm24, on chromosome 8

S/NAnimals TreatmentBody WeightBlood Glucose
1Rat BI – 1Pre-170.5g8.9mol/dl
2Rat AI – 1 Post- 150mg/kg165.2g12.1mol/dl
3Rat BI – 2Pre-172.1g7mol/dl
4Rat AI – 2Post -150mg/kg165.5g12.1mol/dl
5Rat BI – 3Pre- 169.2g7mol/dl
6Rat AI – 3Post- 150mg/kg160.3g11.9mol/dl
7Ra tBI – 4Pre-203.78g7mol/dl
8Rat AI – 4Post- 150mg/kg194.76g11.9mol/dl
9Rat BI – 5Pre-202.1g7mol/dl
10Rat AI – 5Post- 150mg/kg197.58g12.1mol/dl
11Rat BI – 6Pre-182.1g7mol/dl
12Rat AI – 6Post- 150mg/kg175g12.2mol/dl

Table 3: Rats' Weight Response and Blood Glucose Level before and after Alloxan Exposure

Figure 1: PCR Profile of 5 RAPD Primers used to screen three pooled rats’ genomic DNA

Figure 2: DNA Fingerprint of Rats as Revealed by B06 RAPD PCR analysis  

Figure 3: Dendrogram showing change in genetic diversity among 6 Rats after Alloxan treatment as revealed by B06 RAPD PCR analysis

Figure 4: DNA fingerprint of Rats as revealed by H04 RAPD Analysis 

Figure 5: Dendrogram showing change in genetic diversity among 6 Rats after alloxan treatment as revealed by H04 RAPD PCR analysis

Figure 6: DNA fingerprint of Rat as revealed by B08 RAPD PCR Analysis

Figure 7: Dendrogram showing change in genetic diversity among 6 Rat after alloxan treatment revealed by B08 RAPD PCR analysis

Figure 8: Dendrogram showing the change in genetic diversity among 6 Rats after alloxan treatment as revealed by 57 RAPD PCR markers

Discussion

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, action, or both [11]. The genetic basis of diabetes has been widely studied in humans, but limited research has been conducted on animal models to understand genetic markers of diabetic expression. This study aims to analyze genetic variations in diabetic Wistar rats induced with alloxan, using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Administration of alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/kg resulted in a significant decrease in body weight among the treated rats. The weight reductions observed were 5.3g, 6.6g, 8.9g, 9.02g, 4.52g, and 7.1g, respectively, when compared to their pre-administration weights. This study indicates weight loss as a common consequence of alloxan-induced diabetes. For instance, a study by Yin et al. [12], reported significant weight loss in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, attributing this to increased muscle wasting and loss of tissue proteins due to insulin deficiency. In a related study on Sprague Dawley rats, Airaodion et al. [13] reported significant weight loss following alloxan administration, attributing it to the catabolic effects of insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Following alloxan administration, there was a significant increase in blood glucose levels in the treated rats. The elevations recorded were 3.2 mmol/L, 5.1 mmol/L, 4.9 mmol/L, 4.9 mmol/L, 5.1 mmol/L, and 5.2 mmol/L, respectively, compared to their baseline levels. This hyperglycemic effect is consistent with the known action of alloxan, which selectively destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to decreased insulin secretion and subsequent elevation in blood glucose levels. These findings are consistent with established research demonstrating that alloxan selectively destroys pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency and subsequent hyperglycemia. Another study by Lenzen [14] corroborates this mechanism, highlighting that alloxan induces diabetes by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage pancreatic beta cells. 

In this study, five primers were initially tested for variability and reproducibility through optimization and screening processes. The optimization was conducted three times under consistent conditions, yielding reproducible bands. Three primers (B06, H04, B08) were selected based on their reproducibility and polymorphism as revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis. These primers produced visible and consistent bands during the DNA fingerprinting analysis, indicating their suitability for detecting genetic variations.

The RAPD-PCR fingerprinting analysis using primers B06, H04, and B08 revealed distinct differences in band patterns between control and alloxan-induced rats. Specifically, there was an appearance of additional bands in the induced samples compared to the non-induced ones. This suggests that alloxan administration may lead to genetic alterations detectable by these primers. Similar findings were reported by Yarson et al. [15]. who observed changes in DNA band patterns in diabetic rats, indicating genetic instability associated with diabetes-induced oxidative stress. These findings are also in line with previous studies that have utilized RAPD-PCR to detect genetic variations in diabetic models, highlighting its utility in assessing the genetic impacts of diabetic conditions [16]. Nearly all RAPD markers are dominant, i.e. it is not possible to distinguish whether a DNA segment is amplified from a locus that is heterozygous (1 copy) or homozygous (2 copies). Co-dominant RAPD markers, observed as different-sized DNA segments amplified from the same locus, are detected only rarely. PCR is an enzymatic reaction, the quality and concentration of template DNA, concentrations of PCR components, and the PCR cycling conditions may greatly influence the outcome. Thus, the RAPD technique is notoriously laboratory dependent and needs carefully developed laboratory protocols to be reproducible. Mismatches between the primer and the template may result in the total absence of PCR product as well as in a merely decreased amount of the product. Thus, the RAPD results can be difficult to interpret. The qpcr and genomic sequencing are more robust methods of PCR analysis. qPCR adds two elements to the standard PCR process, that is, Fluorescent dye and Fluorometer. These two elements turn qPCR from a processing step in another procedure – to a measurement technique in its own right. Thermal cyclers meant for use with qPCR include a fluorometer to detect that fluorescence in real time as the thermal cycler runs, giving readings throughout the amplification process of the PCR. The Genomic sequencing method on the other hand is the process of determining the order of the chemical building blocks (nucleotides) in an organism's DNA or RNA. It involves sequencing the entire genome or specific regions of it to understand the genetic makeup and identify variations that may be associated with diseases or other traits [17]. The observed polymophism is random polymorphism.

Genetic variations, including mutations and polymorphisms, can significantly influence the progression of various diseases. These variations can affect a person's susceptibility to a disease, the rate at which it develops, and the severity of its symptoms. For instance, mutations in genes like HNF4A, GCK, HNF1A and mutations in KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes, which affect potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells are implicated in the diagnosis of diabetes including neonatal diabetes [18]. Mutations in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes are implicated in the diagnosis of early-onset of Alzheimer disease, while the APOE gene is a major risk factor for late-onset. 

Conclusion

The genetic analysis of diabetic expression in Wistar rats using RAPD-PCR successfully demonstrated the impact of alloxan induction on body weight, blood glucose levels, and DNA fingerprinting. The study revealed a significant increase in blood glucose levels and a corresponding decrease in body weight following alloxan administration. The RAPD-PCR analysis further confirmed genetic variations induced by diabetes, as evidenced by the presence and absence of specific DNA bands in the gel electrophoresis patterns. These findings highlight the genetic alterations associated with diabetic conditions, reinforcing the potential use of RAPD-PCR in identifying genetic markers for diabetes susceptibility and progression. Hence, future studies should incorporate gene expression profiling to identify specific genes upregulated or downregulated due to alloxan-induced diabetes. Conducting a time-course analysis of genetic variations over different stages of diabetes progression would provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved. Investigating genetic variations in other animal models of diabetes could offer comparative insights into species-specific diabetic responses. And translating these findings to human studies through genomic approaches may aid in identifying genetic markers for early diabetes detection and targeted therapy. Assessing the effects of potential antidiabetic agents on the genetic expression of diabetes could provide insights into new therapeutic approaches.

Acknowledgement

The authors sincerely appreciate the contributions of the laboratory technologists and researchers involved in this work, especially the corresponding author, John K. Okoro, for editorial oversight and manuscript refinement.

Conflict of Interest

There is none to declare by the Authors.

References

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Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.

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Dr Suramya Dhamija

Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.

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Bruno Chauffert

I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!

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Baheci Selen

"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".

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Jesus Simal-Gandara

I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.

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Douglas Miyazaki

We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.

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Dr Griffith

I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.

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Dr Tong Ming Liu

I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.

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Husain Taha Radhi

I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.

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S Munshi

Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.

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Tania Munoz

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

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George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

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Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

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Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

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Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

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Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

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Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

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Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

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Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

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Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

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Zsuzsanna Bene

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

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Dr Susan Weiner

My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

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Lin-Show Chin

My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.

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Sonila Qirko

My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.

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Luiz Sellmann

I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.

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Zhao Jia

Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."

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Thomas Urban

I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

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Cristina Berriozabal

To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.

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Dr Tewodros Kassahun Tarekegn

"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".

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Dr Shweta Tiwari

I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.

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Dr Farooq Wandroo

Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.

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Dr Anyuta Ivanova

We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.

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Dr David Vinyes

My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.

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Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt

To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina

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Dr Elvira Farina

Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.

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Dr Oleg Golyanovski

Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.

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Dr Susan Anne Smith

Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. I appreciate the journal (JCCI) editorial office support, the entire team leads were always ready to help, not only on technical front but also on thorough process. Also, I should thank dear reviewers’ attention to detail and creative approach to teach me and bring new insights by their comments. Surely, more discussions and introduction of other hemodynamic devices would provide better prevention and management of shock states. Your efforts and dedication in presenting educational materials in this journal are commendable. Best wishes from, Farahnaz Fallahian.

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Dr Farahnaz Fallahian

Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. I am delighted to have published our manuscript, "Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): A rare but serious complication following caesarean section." I want to thank the editorial team, especially Maria Emerson, for their prompt review of the manuscript, quick responses to queries, and overall support. Yours sincerely Dr. Victor Olagundoye.

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Dr Victor Olagundoye

Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Many thanks for publishing this manuscript after I lost confidence the editors were most helpful, more than other journals Best wishes from, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.

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Dr Susan Anne Smith

Dear Agrippa Hilda, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The entire process including article submission, review, revision, and publication was extremely easy. The journal editor was prompt and helpful, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of the paper. Thank you so much! Eric Nussbaum, MD

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Dr Eric S Nussbaum

Dr Hala Al Shaikh This is to acknowledge that the peer review process for the article ’ A Novel Gnrh1 Gene Mutation in Four Omani Male Siblings, Presentation and Management ’ sent to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was quick and smooth. The editorial office was prompt with easy communication.

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Hala Al Shaikh

Dear Erin Aust, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice. We are pleased to share our experience with the “Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice”, following the successful publication of our article. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, helping to improve the clarity and quality of the manuscript. We are especially thankful to Ms. Erin Aust, the Editorial Coordinator, for her prompt communication and continuous support throughout the process. Her professionalism ensured a smooth and efficient publication experience. The journal upholds high editorial standards, and we highly recommend it to fellow researchers seeking a credible platform for their work. Best wishes By, Dr. Rakhi Mishra.

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Dr Rakhi Mishra

Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. The peer review process of the journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions was excellent and fast, as was the support of the editorial office and the quality of the journal. Kind regards Walter F. Riesen Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Walter F. Riesen.

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Dr Walter F Riesen

Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. Thank you for publishing our article, Exploring Clozapine's Efficacy in Managing Aggression: A Multiple Single-Case Study in Forensic Psychiatry in the international journal of clinical case reports and reviews. We found the peer review process very professional and efficient. The comments were constructive, and the whole process was efficient. On behalf of the co-authors, I would like to thank you for publishing this article. With regards, Dr. Jelle R. Lettinga.

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Dr Jelle Lettinga

Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, I would like to express my deep admiration for the exceptional professionalism demonstrated by your journal. I am thoroughly impressed by the speed of the editorial process, the substantive and insightful reviews, and the meticulous preparation of the manuscript for publication. Additionally, I greatly appreciate the courteous and immediate responses from your editorial office to all my inquiries. Best Regards, Dariusz Ziora

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Dariusz Ziora

Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Auctores Publishing LLC, We would like to thank the editorial team for the smooth and high-quality communication leading up to the publication of our article in the Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. The reviewers have extensive knowledge in the field, and their relevant questions helped to add value to our publication. Kind regards, Dr. Ravi Shrivastava.

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Dr Ravi Shrivastava

Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, Auctores Publishing LLC, USA Office: +1-(302)-520-2644. I would like to express my sincere appreciation for the efficient and professional handling of my case report by the ‘Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies’. The peer review process was not only fast but also highly constructive—the reviewers’ comments were clear, relevant, and greatly helped me improve the quality and clarity of my manuscript. I also received excellent support from the editorial office throughout the process. Communication was smooth and timely, and I felt well guided at every stage, from submission to publication. The overall quality and rigor of the journal are truly commendable. I am pleased to have published my work with Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, and I look forward to future opportunities for collaboration. Sincerely, Aline Tollet, UCLouvain.

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Dr Aline Tollet

Dear Ms. Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. “The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews represented the “ideal house” to share with the research community a first experience with the use of the Simeox device for speech rehabilitation. High scientific reputation and attractive website communication were first determinants for the selection of this Journal, and the following submission process exceeded expectations: fast but highly professional peer review, great support by the editorial office, elegant graphic layout. Exactly what a dynamic research team - also composed by allied professionals - needs!" From, Chiara Beccaluva, PT - Italy.

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Dr Chiara Giuseppina Beccaluva

Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, we have deeply appreciated the professionalism demonstrated by the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The reviewers have extensive knowledge of our field and have been very efficient and fast in supporting the process. I am really looking forward to further collaboration. Thanks. Best regards, Dr. Claudio Ligresti

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Dr Claudio Ligresti

Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. “The peer review process was efficient and constructive, and the editorial office provided excellent communication and support throughout. The journal ensures scientific rigor and high editorial standards, while also offering a smooth and timely publication process. We sincerely appreciate the work of the editorial team in facilitating the dissemination of innovative approaches such as the Bonori Method.” Best regards, Dr. Matteo Bonori.

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Dr Matteo Bonori

I recommend without hesitation submitting relevant papers on medical decision making to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I am very grateful to the editorial staff. Maria Emerson was a pleasure to communicate with. The time from submission to publication was an extremely short 3 weeks. The editorial staff submitted the paper to three reviewers. Two of the reviewers commented positively on the value of publishing the paper. The editorial staff quickly recognized the third reviewer’s comments as an unjust attempt to reject the paper. I revised the paper as recommended by the first two reviewers.

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Edouard Kujawski

Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. Thank you for publishing our case report: "Clinical Case of Effective Fetal Stem Cells Treatment in a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder" within the "Journal of Clinical Research and Reports" being submitted by the team of EmCell doctors from Kyiv, Ukraine. We much appreciate a professional and transparent peer-review process from Auctores. All research Doctors are so grateful to your Editorial Office and Auctores Publishing support! I amiably wish our article publication maintained a top quality of your International Scientific Journal. My best wishes for a prosperity of the Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. Hope our scientific relationship and cooperation will remain long lasting. Thank you very much indeed. Kind regards, Dr. Andriy Sinelnyk Cell Therapy Center EmCell

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Dr Andriy Sinelnyk

Dear Editorial Team, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions. It was truly a rewarding experience to work with the journal “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. The peer review process was insightful and encouraging, helping us refine our work to a higher standard. The editorial office offered exceptional support with prompt and thoughtful communication. I highly value the journal’s role in promoting scientific advancement and am honored to be part of it. Best regards, Meng-Jou Lee, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital.

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Dr Meng-JouLe

Dear Editorial Team, Journal-Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, “Publishing my article with Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions has been a highly positive experience. The peer-review process was rigorous yet supportive, offering valuable feedback that strengthened my work. The editorial team demonstrated exceptional professionalism, prompt communication, and a genuine commitment to maintaining the highest scientific standards. I am very pleased with the publication quality and proud to be associated with such a reputable journal.” Warm regards, Dr. Mahmoud Kamal Moustafa Ahmed

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Mahmoud Kamal Moustafa Ahmed

Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator of ‘International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews’, I appreciate the opportunity to publish my article with your journal. The editorial office provided clear communication during the submission and review process, and I found the overall experience professional and constructive. Best regards, Elena Salvatore.

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Dr Elena Salvatore

Dear Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator of ‘International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews Herewith I confirm an optimal peer review process and a great support of the editorial office of the present journal

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Christoph Maurer

Dear Editorial Team, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions. I am really grateful for the peers review; their feedback gave me the opportunity to reflect on the message and impact of my work and to ameliorate the article. The editors did a great job in addition by encouraging me to continue with the process of publishing.

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Baciulescu Laura

Dear Cecilia Lilly, Editorial Coordinator, Endocrinology and Disorders, Thank you so much for your quick response regarding reviewing and all process till publishing our manuscript entitled: Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes and its Associated Risk Factors Among Nile College Students, Sudan. Best regards, Dr Mamoun Magzoub.

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Dr Mamoun Magzoub

International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is a high quality journal that has a clear and concise submission process. The peer review process was comprehensive and constructive. Support from the editorial office was excellent, since the administrative staff were responsive. The journal provides a fast and timely publication timeline.

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Joel Yat Seng Wong

Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator of International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, What distinguishes International Journal of Clinical Case Report and Review is not only the scientific rigor of its publications, but the intellectual climate in which research is evaluated. The submission process is refreshingly free of unnecessary formal barriers and bureaucratic rituals that often complicate academic publishing without adding real value. The peer-review system is demanding yet constructive, guided by genuine scientific dialogue rather than hierarchical or authoritarian attitudes. Reviewers act as collaborators in improving the manuscript, not as gatekeepers imposing arbitrary standards. This journal offers a rare balance: high methodological standards combined with a respectful, transparent, and supportive editorial approach. In an era where publishing can feel more burdensome than research itself, this platform restores the original purpose of peer review — to refine ideas, not to obstruct them Prof. Perlat Kapisyzi, FCCP PULMONOLOGIST AND THORACIC IMAGING.

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Dr Perlat Kapisyzi

Dear Grace Pierce, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews I appreciate the opportunity to review for Auctore Journal, as the overall editorial process was smooth, transparent and professionally managed. This journal maintains high scientific standards and ensures timely communications with authors, which is truly commendable. I would like to express my special thanks to editor Grace Pierce for his constant guidance, promt responses, and supportive coordination throughout the review process. I am also greatful to Eleanor Bailey from the finance department for her clear communication and efficient handling of all administrative matters. Overall, my experience with Auctore Journal has been highly positive and rewarding. Best regards, Sabita sinha

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Sabita sinha

Dear Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator of the journal IJCCR, I write here a little on my experience as an author submitting to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews (IJCCR). This was my first submission to IJCCR and my manuscript was inherently an outsider’s effort. It attempted to broadly identify and then make some sense of life’s under-appreciated mysteries. I initially had responded to a request for possible submissions. I then contacted IJCCR with a tentative topic for a manuscript. They quickly got back with an approval for the submission, but with a particular requirement that it be medically relevant. I then put together a manuscript and submitted it. After the usual back-and-forth over forms and formality, the manuscript was sent off for reviews. Within 2 weeks I got back 4 reviews which were both helpful and also surprising. Surprising in that the topic was somewhat foreign to medical literature. My subsequent updates in response to the reviewer comments went smoothly and in short order I had a series of proofs to evaluate. All in all, the whole publication process seemed outstanding. It was both helpful in terms of the paper’s content and also in terms of its efficient and friendly communications. Thank you all very much. Sincerely, Ted Christopher, Rochester, NY.

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Dr Ted Christopher