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Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/173
1Riggs Pharmaceuticals Department of Pharmacy, University of Karachi.
2Assistant Professor, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi Pakistan
3GD Pharmaceutical Inc OPJS University Rajasthan.
4Associate Professor, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
*Corresponding Author: Rehan Haider PhD, Riggs Pharmaceuticals Department of Pharmacy, University of Karachi.
Citation: Rehan Haider, Zameer Ahmed, Geetha Kumari Das, Sambreen Zameer, (2025), Natural Poison, J, Biotechnology and Bioprocessing, 6(6); DOI:10.31579/2766-2314/173
Copyright: © 2025, Rehan Haider. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 10 October 2025 | Accepted: 24 October 2025 | Published: 07 November 2025
Keywords: normal poisons; poisons; venom; alkaloids; glycosides; microbial poisons; toxicology; drug happening; therapeutic requests; biotransformation
Natural poisons, arisen plants, mammals, and microorganisms, represent a meaningful field of study in toxicology due to their powerful biochemical belongings and potential applications. These stuff, frequently developed as justification means, exhibit various molecular constructions and systems of action. Plant-located poisons such as alkaloids, glycosides, and terpenoids influence metabolic pathways and natural function, while animal venoms contain proteins and peptides that intend fearful, cardiovascular, and clotting systems. Microbial poisons, containing exotoxins and endotoxins, disrupt basic processes, frequently causing integral belongings. Beyond their toxic potential, instinctive poisons are a part of priceless resources for drugs happening. For example, compounds like botulinum poison and capsaicin are harnessed for healing uses ranging from pain administration to influence relaxation. Despite their benefits, these poisons pose important risks, as unintended exposure can bring about severe or chronic well-being belongings. Research on antidotes, biotransformation, and environmental impacts of these stuffs is fault-finding to checking their dangers. Emerging electronics in the way that nanotechnology and synthetic plant structure are boosting our ability to study, reduce, and employ natural poisons cautiously. This review surveys the categorization, mechanisms, and requests of everyday poisons, emphasizing their two-fold duties as hazards and medicinal finishes. A deeper understanding of their characteristics may open further healing potential while improving safety measures to rectify their injurious effects.
Definitions
Poisons are meanings that, under certain circumstances, can cause brief or permanent harm to the party, tools, tissues, containers, or DNA, or can lead to demise when introduced or captivated. Toxins, also called ‘unaffected poisons’, ‘organic poisons’, or biotoxins, are poisons produced by living organisms. The term ‘toxin’ was first secondhand in 1890 by one physician Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919), an assistant at the Humboldt University in Berlin, all the while his work with bacterial poisons. Initially, the term was used to characterize animal or bacterial compounds that start the establishment of antibodies in mammals and humans. Today, the term toxin is secondhand accompanying various significations: –as a general verbalization for poisons presented by living creatures, or–as a verbalization for natural or artificial poisons that aim particular tools, e.g., nephrotoxins (detrimental to the kidneys), hepatotoxins (injuring the liver), cardio-poisons (injuring the heart), hemotoxin (prejudicial rose ancestry containers), regardless of whether they are of unrefined or artificial inception. Toxicantis a poorly delineated term. Mostly, it is used to describe a poisonous wealth capable of precipitating harmful effects in living structures. Some authors contain in this category only artificial artificial substances show specific belongings. Toxicology is the controlled discipline depicting poisons, impurities, somewhat action of poisons, and potential situations of poisoned structures. Toxicology is an arm of toxicology. It composes information about the chemistry of natural poisons, the plant structure of their builders, their biosynthesis, their pharmacokinetic demeanor (toxicokinetics), their device of action (toxicodynamics), their effect pattern on the touched being (toxicography), and the knowledge about the situation of impurity (clinical toxicology). The term ‘toxinol-ogy’ is not widely recognized. Venoms are combinations of poisons created and used by mammals for their armament. They are expressly created for the poisoning of things of different classes. Venoms are actively applied to mark creatures utilizing distinguishing tools like dentition, other mouthparts, or stings. Poisoning is the process by which a creature becomes intoxicated by an exogen-innate intelligence wealth. Toxicosis is some somewhat disease condition precipitated by contaminate. Envenomation is the process of poison used by venomous mammals to sully-take creatures, mostly by sharp or painful
Terpenes
Chemistry and Terminology Terpenes are everyday commodities whose element frame exists ofparts accompanying the carbon skeleton of isoprene. Due to methyl group exodus, removal of methyl groups, ring-opening, ring growth, and/or ring blockage, the isoprene construction blocks are only partially or not any more apparent, particularly in the case of polycyclic terpenes (Fig. 2.1). Terpenoids (as known or named at another time or place isoprenoids) are terpenes accompanying an oxygen subdivision and additional structuralrearrangements. Nonetheless, theterms ‘terpenes’ and ‘terpenoids’ are used interchangeably. The supposed number of obvious compounds is about 80,000 [1, 3, 13]
The acknowledgment of the construction law and the arrangement of these compounds into acommon class of essences originally applied only to the terpenes amplified from two isoprene parts, breaks the promise to Wallach (1887) and Ružička (1921) [19].
Accordingto the number of isoprene wholes complicated in the makeup, the individual divides into:–hemiterpenes (individual isoprene whole, C5skeleton),–monoterpenes (two isoprene wholes, C10skeleton),–sesquiterpenes (three isoprene parts, C15skeleton),–diterpenes (4 isoprene units, C20skeleton),–sesterterpenes (five isoprene wholes, C25skeleton),–triterpenes (six isoprene parts, C30skeleton),–tetraterpenes (eight isoprene wholes, C40skeleton), and–polyterpenes (in addition eight isoprene wholes).
Figure 2.1 Building principles of terpenes
Monoterpenes
GeneralThe toxicologically main monoterpenes may be detached by their basic structure into:–aliphatic monoterpenes of the 2,6-dimethyl octane type, for instance, the halogenated aliphatic monoterpenes of crimson rootless and the cyclometers of these compounds such as the aplysiapyranoids of few Mollusca;–aliphatic monoterpenes of the 3,3,6-trimethyl heptane type to a degree the chrysanth-silent monocarboxylic acids in the direction of the pyrethrins of Chrysanthemum class;–monocyclic monoterpenes accompanying a cyclohexane ring, for instance, of a the-menthane type such as 1,8-cineol, pulegone, or carvone unnecessary oils;–bicyclic monoterpenes, such as, of the thuja type to degree thujone and sabinene, and of the born type to degree camphor;–monoterpenes accompanying cyclopentane ring, for example, the iridoids happening in 50 plant families. Particularly big is the number of explosive monoterpenes in the direction of the principal part of essential oils of greater plants. The severe toxicity of ultimate deputies is reduced. Some of them, such as 1,8-cineol, camphor, or pulegone, can cause toxic belongings in the best doses (see Section 3.2). Some elements of essential oils have extreme toxicity. These contain the-jan products (visualize Section 3.2.1), particularly thujone. Oxidation production of monoterpenes holding unnecessary oils can serve as allergens (visualize Section 3.2.6). In addition, many parts of essential oils have a vexatious effect on the skin and mucous membranes when used regionally. They show a hazard, specifically for teenagers [44]. If the artificial and in Caenorhabditis elegans, a high-living nematode, observed cytotoxic belongings of the essential oils of rosemary, citrus, and eucalyptus [78] are relevant for human needs further studies. In the case of swallowing limited amounts of most essential oils (until 5 mL), no situation measures are unavoidable (but remark!). For best amounts, the presidency of mobilized blacks, conceivably slack archives, and indicative measures are urged [49]. Other explosive monoterpenes are parts of ants and pest venoms. Low-volatile monoterpene esters are pyrethrins, that are secondhand as insecticides (visualize Section 3.3). The toxicological hazards from the iridoid valepotriates are inclined to be preferably depressed (visualize Section 3.4). Cantharidin, the protective poison against swelling bulges, is only in an official manner a monoterpene chemically, biogenetically, it is a shame device of a sesquiterpene [141]. Also noteworthy are the halogenated monoterpenesofredalgae(seeSection3.5)
Sesquiterpenes
The sesquiterpenes (C15compounds), which are officially calm of three isopreneunits, form an abundant group of terpenes accompanying in addition 11,000 agents. So far, in addition, 100 elementary compounds concerning this group are popular. Widespread are compounds of the–bisabolene-type, for instance, the sesquiterpenes of Matricaria variety,–germacrene-type, for instance, the germacranolide costunolide,–guaiane-type, for instance, the guaianolide cynaropicrin,–pseudoguajane-type, for instance, the pseudoguajanolide spathulin, and–eudesmane-type, for instance, the eudesmanolide frullanolide [190].In addition, lawyers of the aromadendrane, cadinene, eremophilane, farnesane, and xanthine types, with the remainder of something, happen in greater plants. In tiny fungi, eremo-philane and trichothecane products, in basidiomycetes compounds of the drimane-,guajane-, illudane-, protoilludane-, lactarane-, secolactarane-, marasmane-, and sterpurane-type [5], and deficit rootless aforementioned of the chamigrane- and laurane-type were raise. An assortment of explosive sesquiterpene are elements of essential oils. For example, the essential lubricate of Myoporum class (Scrophulariaceae) derives allure toxicity from the presence of poisonous furanosesquiterpenes, such as alone and dehydrongaione (Figure. 4.1)
Figure 3A: furanosesquiterpene of Myoporum species.
Myoporum species (source: Horst Pilgrim).
Diterpenes
Diterpenes occupy a stiff synthetic construction that consists of four isoprene wholes (C20compounds). Besides the aliphatic diterpenes of the 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-hexadecane type, recurrent counselors are erect a suggestion of choice. Abietane, kaurane, pimarane, andlabdan repeatedly happen as hypothetic fundamental compounds in larger plants. Many toxico-rationally important diterpenes of plants are descendants of Andromeda, daphnane, in-game, taxane, andtagline. Inmammals, descendants of cembrane, kempane, rippertane, trinervitane, and additional different ring methods are established. In many diterpenes, the methylation pattern of the person compounds is eliminated by methyl group journey, ring clo-certain, and ring gap [109]. The number of explosive diterpenes is narrow. Consequently, they are of minor importance as elements of essential oils. Nonvolatile diterpenes happen as components of the resins of conifers, for instance, abietic acid. Other deputies are plant hormones, for example, gibberellins. Abietane and labdan-type diterpene lactones are the sharp com-pounds of the Lamia ceae. Vitamin A and retain grant permission be thought out in an official manner chemically as diterpenes. Of toxicological interest are the descendants of Andromeda as poisons of the Eri-caceae , tagline, ingenane, and daphnane products as poisons of the Euphorbiaceae and Thymelaeaceae (visualize Section 5.3), the taxane products as toxins of Taxus variety , the opioid compounds of salvia divinorum, forskolin as poison of Coleus and Plectranthus class (visualize Section 5.6), hepato-poisonous diterpenes in Teucrium and further plant class , diterpeneglycosides as poisons of Carlina, Xanthium, Callilepis, and Weidelia class, ryanodine as poison of Ryania class , and a difference of other diterpenes deliberate as attainable poisons of macroalgae . Diterpenes have again happened in the direction of basidiomycetes, sponges, corals, or termites Andromedane Derivatives as Toxins of Heather Family (Ericaceae)
Distribution
The offspring Ericaceae, silver classification, involves about 100 types accompanying about 2,500 species. Because of their content of Andromeda products, the type Rhododendron (about 1,000 varieties and many hybrids, very complex vocabulary), Andromeda (3 species), Chamaedaphne (1 class), Kalmia (10 variety), Pieris (7 varieties), Lyonia (about
Triterpenes
The basic bodies of the triterpenes are composed of six isoprene units, i.e., they areC30compounds. More than 14,000 structures based on more than 100 different basic bodies are known [26]. In addition to the aliphatic squalene frequently found in the unsaponifiable fraction of plant and animal fats, aliphatic triterpenes or polyethers derived from them have so far been found mainly in marine organisms [43]. The majority of triterpenes possess tetracyclic or pentacyclic ring systems. Tetra-cyclic triterpenes include the derivatives of the hypothetical basic compounds lanostane, dammarane, euphane, and cucurbitane. Pentacyclic triterpenes are derived from oleanane, ursane, hopane, and lupane, among others. Mono-, bi-, and tricyclic-triterpenes occur rarely. In higher plants, 3,4-secoderivatives of polycyclic triterpenes are also commonly found [10]. To them belong the iridal derivatives, which can be considered 3,4-secoderivatives of bi- or tricyclic triterpenes. The triterpenes often serve as aglycones of the triterpene saponins. Also of toxicological interest are the iatrogenically active triterpene esters of various plants, limonoids of Meliaceae, the cucurbitacins, iridals and cycloidal in Iris species, and gossypol, which occur in the cotton plant and are biogenetically a dimeric sesquiterpene of the cadinane type (see Section 6.6). Triterpenes are also found in macroalgae, basidiomycetes, and sponges. Review of pharmacological activities of triterpenes: [38]
Icterogenic Triterpene EstersSome triterpenes and steroid derivatives have a hepatotoxic effect and lead, presumably via disturbance of bile excretion, to accumulation of degradation products of porphyrin derivatives (chlorophyll and hemoglobin) in the blood and thus to secondary photosensitization. Icterogenic plants areNarthecium ossifragum(L.) Huds., bog asphodel, Narthecia-ceae, Tribulus species, e.g., Tribulus terrestrisL., cat’s head, Zygophyllaceae, Lippiaspecies, and Lantana camara L., lantana, both Verbenaceae. InN. ossifragumand T. Terrestris and steroid saponins seem to be the main active ingredients so they are described here the main active ingredients ofLippiaspecies, Verbenaceae, are triterpene esterslantadene A, icterogenin, and the corresponding 3α-hydroxy analogs [25].
Tetraterpenes
Tetraterpenes are C40 compounds amplified from eight isoprenoid residues. They are either present in an aliphatic form or form long-chain particles that bring rings at one or two together ends. Polycyclic senators, as popular from the sesqui-, di-, and triterpenes, do not follow bureaucracy. The popular tetraterpenes may be deemed in total to the group of carotenoids. These aliphatic lipophilic compounds, made by microorganisms and plants, are mostly cyclized at the end of the chain and are mainly yellow to blushing-lilac-distorted. They are organized as though two methyl groups are situated in the center of the fragment in the 1,6-position, while the remaining methyl groups, with the irregularity of the terminal one, are situated in the 1,5-position. Degradation incite-acts of carotenoids at which point this composition is continued are named Apo carotenoids. Chain continuations to C45 or C50compounds again happen in type. While carotenoids are mainly main as flower pigments, ornament boarments in photosynthesis, photoprotection, and forerunners of the source of nourishment A, poisonous effects are accredited to the depravity commodity of protocrocin, a carotenoid inCrocus lie-us 7.2 Poisonous Cleavage Products of Carotenoids in Croci Species (Crocus Species) The type Crocus, croci, crocuses, Iridaceae, covers about 90 classes. Most of them are owned by the Mediterranean domain and across Central Asia. In Central Europe, the main variety is Crocus vernus (L.) Hill, spring crocus. This enduring tuberous plant with mainly silver, but exceptionally light to dark lavender flowers is exceptionally coarse in wettish, fertilizer-rich mountaintop pastures. Many species of croci, such as C. vernusand C. chrysanthus (Herb.) Herb., advantageous crocus, are spring blunders, C. specious. Bieb., a big lilac crocus, blooms in season between summer and winter. Crocus sativusL., sunny color crocus, fall crocus (Ph. 7.1), a triploid and therefore sterile plant with light plum multicolor flowers is cultured. The powerful cantaloupe stigmata of the flowers are secondhand in drained form as the flavor's sunny color. This plant is refined, for example, in Iran, Greece, Spain, Switzerland, Morocco, India, and Pakistan in languages derived from Latin, not a sweltering trend [148]. The zest sunny color, the ultimate high-priced zest of the realm, holds, when fresh harvested acylglycosides of the dark-maroon distorted, water-dissolved Apo carotenoid crocetin (8,8’-diapo-ψ, ψ’-carotenoid dicarboxylic acid) accompanyingβ-D-sweet liquid, accompanying the disaccharideβ-D-gentiobiose, or the trisaccharideβ-D-neapolitanose. By cleavage these
Steroids
Chemistry and Biogenesis
Steroids are compounds that are in an official manner came from the supposed tetracyclic hydrocarbon sterane, a C17compound: 1H-perhydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene (Figure. 8.1). With hypothetic substitute of the hydrogen atoms on punching competition whole accompanying different substituents, a roomy assortment of compounds are made. If the three-spatial ring schemes of sterane products bulge to a plane, the substituent at C-10 is picked as a remark point. This substituent is assumed to familiarize the above punching competition plane. The linkages to substituents familiarized in the unchanging route were tense by intensified lines or long compact wedges. These substitute-stituents are namedβ-arranged. The substituents embroidery from the spectator arecalledα-arranged. They are connected to the punching competition scheme by scampered lines, lines of dots, or lines of transverse dashes.
Figure 8.1: NgaioneA furanosesquiterpene of Myoporum species structure
Figure 8.1: Hypothetical Base Bodies of Steroids
Saponins
Chemistry and Biogenesis
Saponins are glycosides amounting to a lipophilic aglycone–a steroid or a polycyclic triterpene–linked to a hydrophilic residue–an oligosaccharide or an oligomer of monosaccharides and uronic acids. Saponins are dissolved in water, molecularly scattered, or colloidally. Due to their amphipathic character, they exhibit surface action. This way they can reduce the surface pressure of liquid answers. As a result, they have sheet activity either straightforwardly or subsequently prejudiced hydrolysis, that is, they change the possessions of container mem-branes, can form pores in the membranes, or can devastate the ruling class by connecting ruling class beings to the membranes and intercalating or detaching lipophilic construction blocks from the sheath. The name saponin is established by the talent of their liquid resolution, like a solution of soaps, to form enduring foam when unnerved (Latin sapo = cleanser). According to the type of aglycones of the glycosides, sapogenins, steroid saponins, and triterpene saponins are famous. Steroid alkaloid glycosides and cucurbitaceous glycosides are further top-secret as saponins by a few authors [13, 269]. Steroid sapogenins of plants are customarily C27compounds accompanying the spirostane(16β,22:22,26-diepoxy-cholestane) or furostane (16β,22-binding material-cholestane-type base corpse, Figure. 9.1). (25S)-Spirostane-type saponins, supposed valid saponins, (25R)-spirostane-typesaponins, supposed isosaponins, (25S)-furostane-type saponins, and (25R)-furostane-typesaponins happen. Rare sapogenins are descendants of furanofurostane (spirofuran (22R)-16β,22:22,25-diepoxy-cholestane) and pyrostane ((22R)-22,26-gluing-cholestane). Cholestane descendants outside condensedO-heterocycles, for example, cholestane-23-individual products, and pregnane descendants, such as, pregnane-20-individual descendants, happen as sapogenins also. The spirostane- or furanofurostane descendants are in an official manner ketals of cholestane-22-individual-16,26-diol or cholestane-22-individual-16,25-diol resp. The furostane or prostate derivatives are half ketals of cholestane-22-individual-16-ol or cholestane-26-individual-22-ol resp. The rings A/B/C/D are linked trans/trans/transports/trans/trans [97, 167, 180, 270, 279, 281]. Triterpene sapogenins (Figure. 9.2) are nearly generally C30compounds. The most frequently happening elementary physiques of the triterpene saponins are the pentacyclic oleanane and the tetracyclic dammarane. In addition, descendants of the also pentacyclic compounds ursane, lupane, and hopane repeatedly happen. Rarely happening ring systems contain cycloartenane, isolupane, lanostane, 27-nor-lanostane, 30-nor-lanostane,30-nor-oleanane, 3,4-seco-lupane, 3,4-seco-oleanane, and 21,22-seco-onocerane. For oleanane and urban descendants, the rings A/B/C/D/E are trans/trans/trans, for lupin derive-tivestrans/trans/trans/cis, and for dammarane and hostage derivatives trans/trans/trans linked
Acknowledgment:
The accomplishment concerning this research project would not have happened likely without the plentiful support and help of many things and arrangements. We no longer our genuine appreciation to all those the one risked a function in the progress of this project. I herewith acknowledge that:
I have no economic or added individual interests, straightforwardly or obliquely, in some matter that conceivably influence or bias my trustworthiness as a journalist concerning this Manuscript
Conflicts of Interest:
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.
To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina
Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. I appreciate the journal (JCCI) editorial office support, the entire team leads were always ready to help, not only on technical front but also on thorough process. Also, I should thank dear reviewers’ attention to detail and creative approach to teach me and bring new insights by their comments. Surely, more discussions and introduction of other hemodynamic devices would provide better prevention and management of shock states. Your efforts and dedication in presenting educational materials in this journal are commendable. Best wishes from, Farahnaz Fallahian.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. I am delighted to have published our manuscript, "Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): A rare but serious complication following caesarean section." I want to thank the editorial team, especially Maria Emerson, for their prompt review of the manuscript, quick responses to queries, and overall support. Yours sincerely Dr. Victor Olagundoye.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Many thanks for publishing this manuscript after I lost confidence the editors were most helpful, more than other journals Best wishes from, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The entire process including article submission, review, revision, and publication was extremely easy. The journal editor was prompt and helpful, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of the paper. Thank you so much! Eric Nussbaum, MD
Dr Hala Al Shaikh This is to acknowledge that the peer review process for the article ’ A Novel Gnrh1 Gene Mutation in Four Omani Male Siblings, Presentation and Management ’ sent to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was quick and smooth. The editorial office was prompt with easy communication.
Dear Erin Aust, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice. We are pleased to share our experience with the “Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice”, following the successful publication of our article. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, helping to improve the clarity and quality of the manuscript. We are especially thankful to Ms. Erin Aust, the Editorial Coordinator, for her prompt communication and continuous support throughout the process. Her professionalism ensured a smooth and efficient publication experience. The journal upholds high editorial standards, and we highly recommend it to fellow researchers seeking a credible platform for their work. Best wishes By, Dr. Rakhi Mishra.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. The peer review process of the journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions was excellent and fast, as was the support of the editorial office and the quality of the journal. Kind regards Walter F. Riesen Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Walter F. Riesen.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. Thank you for publishing our article, Exploring Clozapine's Efficacy in Managing Aggression: A Multiple Single-Case Study in Forensic Psychiatry in the international journal of clinical case reports and reviews. We found the peer review process very professional and efficient. The comments were constructive, and the whole process was efficient. On behalf of the co-authors, I would like to thank you for publishing this article. With regards, Dr. Jelle R. Lettinga.
Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, I would like to express my deep admiration for the exceptional professionalism demonstrated by your journal. I am thoroughly impressed by the speed of the editorial process, the substantive and insightful reviews, and the meticulous preparation of the manuscript for publication. Additionally, I greatly appreciate the courteous and immediate responses from your editorial office to all my inquiries. Best Regards, Dariusz Ziora
Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Auctores Publishing LLC, We would like to thank the editorial team for the smooth and high-quality communication leading up to the publication of our article in the Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. The reviewers have extensive knowledge in the field, and their relevant questions helped to add value to our publication. Kind regards, Dr. Ravi Shrivastava.
Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, Auctores Publishing LLC, USA Office: +1-(302)-520-2644. I would like to express my sincere appreciation for the efficient and professional handling of my case report by the ‘Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies’. The peer review process was not only fast but also highly constructive—the reviewers’ comments were clear, relevant, and greatly helped me improve the quality and clarity of my manuscript. I also received excellent support from the editorial office throughout the process. Communication was smooth and timely, and I felt well guided at every stage, from submission to publication. The overall quality and rigor of the journal are truly commendable. I am pleased to have published my work with Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, and I look forward to future opportunities for collaboration. Sincerely, Aline Tollet, UCLouvain.
Dear Ms. Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. “The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews represented the “ideal house” to share with the research community a first experience with the use of the Simeox device for speech rehabilitation. High scientific reputation and attractive website communication were first determinants for the selection of this Journal, and the following submission process exceeded expectations: fast but highly professional peer review, great support by the editorial office, elegant graphic layout. Exactly what a dynamic research team - also composed by allied professionals - needs!" From, Chiara Beccaluva, PT - Italy.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, we have deeply appreciated the professionalism demonstrated by the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The reviewers have extensive knowledge of our field and have been very efficient and fast in supporting the process. I am really looking forward to further collaboration. Thanks. Best regards, Dr. Claudio Ligresti
Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. “The peer review process was efficient and constructive, and the editorial office provided excellent communication and support throughout. The journal ensures scientific rigor and high editorial standards, while also offering a smooth and timely publication process. We sincerely appreciate the work of the editorial team in facilitating the dissemination of innovative approaches such as the Bonori Method.” Best regards, Dr. Matteo Bonori.
I recommend without hesitation submitting relevant papers on medical decision making to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I am very grateful to the editorial staff. Maria Emerson was a pleasure to communicate with. The time from submission to publication was an extremely short 3 weeks. The editorial staff submitted the paper to three reviewers. Two of the reviewers commented positively on the value of publishing the paper. The editorial staff quickly recognized the third reviewer’s comments as an unjust attempt to reject the paper. I revised the paper as recommended by the first two reviewers.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. Thank you for publishing our case report: "Clinical Case of Effective Fetal Stem Cells Treatment in a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder" within the "Journal of Clinical Research and Reports" being submitted by the team of EmCell doctors from Kyiv, Ukraine. We much appreciate a professional and transparent peer-review process from Auctores. All research Doctors are so grateful to your Editorial Office and Auctores Publishing support! I amiably wish our article publication maintained a top quality of your International Scientific Journal. My best wishes for a prosperity of the Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. Hope our scientific relationship and cooperation will remain long lasting. Thank you very much indeed. Kind regards, Dr. Andriy Sinelnyk Cell Therapy Center EmCell
Dear Editorial Team, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions. It was truly a rewarding experience to work with the journal “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. The peer review process was insightful and encouraging, helping us refine our work to a higher standard. The editorial office offered exceptional support with prompt and thoughtful communication. I highly value the journal’s role in promoting scientific advancement and am honored to be part of it. Best regards, Meng-Jou Lee, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital.
Dear Editorial Team, Journal-Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, “Publishing my article with Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions has been a highly positive experience. The peer-review process was rigorous yet supportive, offering valuable feedback that strengthened my work. The editorial team demonstrated exceptional professionalism, prompt communication, and a genuine commitment to maintaining the highest scientific standards. I am very pleased with the publication quality and proud to be associated with such a reputable journal.” Warm regards, Dr. Mahmoud Kamal Moustafa Ahmed
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator of ‘International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews’, I appreciate the opportunity to publish my article with your journal. The editorial office provided clear communication during the submission and review process, and I found the overall experience professional and constructive. Best regards, Elena Salvatore.
Dear Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator of ‘International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews Herewith I confirm an optimal peer review process and a great support of the editorial office of the present journal
Dear Editorial Team, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions. I am really grateful for the peers review; their feedback gave me the opportunity to reflect on the message and impact of my work and to ameliorate the article. The editors did a great job in addition by encouraging me to continue with the process of publishing.
Dear Cecilia Lilly, Editorial Coordinator, Endocrinology and Disorders, Thank you so much for your quick response regarding reviewing and all process till publishing our manuscript entitled: Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes and its Associated Risk Factors Among Nile College Students, Sudan. Best regards, Dr Mamoun Magzoub.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is a high quality journal that has a clear and concise submission process. The peer review process was comprehensive and constructive. Support from the editorial office was excellent, since the administrative staff were responsive. The journal provides a fast and timely publication timeline.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator of International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, What distinguishes International Journal of Clinical Case Report and Review is not only the scientific rigor of its publications, but the intellectual climate in which research is evaluated. The submission process is refreshingly free of unnecessary formal barriers and bureaucratic rituals that often complicate academic publishing without adding real value. The peer-review system is demanding yet constructive, guided by genuine scientific dialogue rather than hierarchical or authoritarian attitudes. Reviewers act as collaborators in improving the manuscript, not as gatekeepers imposing arbitrary standards. This journal offers a rare balance: high methodological standards combined with a respectful, transparent, and supportive editorial approach. In an era where publishing can feel more burdensome than research itself, this platform restores the original purpose of peer review — to refine ideas, not to obstruct them Prof. Perlat Kapisyzi, FCCP PULMONOLOGIST AND THORACIC IMAGING.
Dear Grace Pierce, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews I appreciate the opportunity to review for Auctore Journal, as the overall editorial process was smooth, transparent and professionally managed. This journal maintains high scientific standards and ensures timely communications with authors, which is truly commendable. I would like to express my special thanks to editor Grace Pierce for his constant guidance, promt responses, and supportive coordination throughout the review process. I am also greatful to Eleanor Bailey from the finance department for her clear communication and efficient handling of all administrative matters. Overall, my experience with Auctore Journal has been highly positive and rewarding. Best regards, Sabita sinha
Dear Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator of the journal IJCCR, I write here a little on my experience as an author submitting to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews (IJCCR). This was my first submission to IJCCR and my manuscript was inherently an outsider’s effort. It attempted to broadly identify and then make some sense of life’s under-appreciated mysteries. I initially had responded to a request for possible submissions. I then contacted IJCCR with a tentative topic for a manuscript. They quickly got back with an approval for the submission, but with a particular requirement that it be medically relevant. I then put together a manuscript and submitted it. After the usual back-and-forth over forms and formality, the manuscript was sent off for reviews. Within 2 weeks I got back 4 reviews which were both helpful and also surprising. Surprising in that the topic was somewhat foreign to medical literature. My subsequent updates in response to the reviewer comments went smoothly and in short order I had a series of proofs to evaluate. All in all, the whole publication process seemed outstanding. It was both helpful in terms of the paper’s content and also in terms of its efficient and friendly communications. Thank you all very much. Sincerely, Ted Christopher, Rochester, NY.
